Sponsored by CeCe Rohrbach, FNP
Western Maine Family Health Center (Livermore Falls)
As we dive into the cooler months of winter, families often ask about tips and facts about frostbite.
Simply, frostbite occurs when tissue becomes frozen. This can occur at temperatures as mild as (corrected) 30F when skin is exposed. Also consider the wind factor, which can dramatically reduce temperatures and lead to frostbite.
The first signs of frostbite are itching and pain of the affected areas. We may also have patches of white or yellow skin discoloration. At this point, we need to move to a warmer place or cover the exposed skin (gloves or facemask). If just our hands are exposed, we can use our own body’s warmth. Skin to skin contact underneath clothing works the best.
If warm water is available, submersing the affected areas is a good way to ward off frostbite. Just be careful not to make the water too hot! If the water temperature would feel uncomfortable normally, it could damage skin that is frostbitten. Avoid causing a burn from hot water in addition to frostbite.
More serious stages of frostbite cause hardening of the blood vessels, muscles, and tendons. Loss of limb use and even amputation can occur if severe enough. In these situations, seek emergency care immediately.
Other risk factors for frostbite:
– Diabetic patients may be more susceptible to frostbite due to nerve damage in their limbs.
– Beta-blockers (Propanolol, Lopressor, Metoprolol, Atenolol) inhibit vessel dilation and can increase frostbite risk.
– Tight clothing (gloves, boots, socks) can affect circulation and make us more prone to frostbite.
– The wind chill factor can have a dramatic effect on the temperature making us susceptible to frostbite sooner.
– Damp gloves can rapidly lower the temperature of the skin on our hands. Wear water-resistant gloves for snowman making!
